{"id":19993,"date":"2021-03-27T13:03:57","date_gmt":"2021-03-27T13:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/?p=19993"},"modified":"2021-03-27T14:41:59","modified_gmt":"2021-03-27T14:41:59","slug":"to-sars-cov-2-rna-%ce%b1%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%b3%cf%81%ce%ac%cf%86%ce%b5%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ac%cf%83%cf%84%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%86%ce%b1-%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%b1-%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%82-reverse-transcri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/?p=19993","title":{"rendered":"To SARS-CoV-2 RNA \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 reverse-transcriptase \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<header id=\"heading\" class=\"heading\">\n<div id=\"full-view-heading\" class=\"full-view\">\n<h1 class=\"heading-title\">SARS-CoV-2 RNA reverse-transcribed and integrated into the human genome<\/h1>\n<div class=\"inline-authors\">\n<div class=\"authors\">\n<div class=\"authors-list\"><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Zhang+L&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Liguo Zhang\">Liguo Zhang<\/a><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Richards+A&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Alexsia Richards\">Alexsia Richards<\/a><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Khalil+A&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Andrew Khalil\">Andrew Khalil<\/a><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Wogram+E&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Emile Wogram\">Emile Wogram<\/a><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Ma+H&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Haiting Ma\">Haiting Ma<\/a><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Young+RA&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Richard A Young\">Richard A Young<\/a><span class=\"comma\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item \"><a class=\"full-name\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Jaenisch+R&amp;cauthor_id=33330870\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Rudolf Jaenisch\">Rudolf Jaenisch<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"short-article-details\"><\/div>\n<ul id=\"full-view-identifiers\" class=\"identifiers\">\n<li><span class=\"identifier pubmed\"> <span class=\"id-label\"> PMID: <\/span> <strong class=\"current-id\" title=\"PubMed ID\">33330870<\/strong> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"identifier pmc\"> <span class=\"id-label\"> PMCID: <\/span> <a class=\"id-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmc7743078\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ga-category=\"full_text\" data-ga-action=\"PMCID\"> PMC7743078 <\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"identifier doi\"> <span class=\"id-label\"> DOI: <\/span> <a class=\"id-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.12.12.422516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ga-category=\"full_text\" data-ga-action=\"DOI\"> 10.1101\/2020.12.12.422516 <\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"free-label\">Free PMC article<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div id=\"abstract\" class=\"abstract\">\n<h2 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\n<p>Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and recurrence of PCR-positive tests have been widely reported in patients after recovery, yet these patients most commonly are non-infectious. <strong>Here we investigated the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 RNAs can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the human genome and that transcription of the integrated sequences might account for PCR-positive tests.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In support of this hypothesis, we found chimeric transcripts consisting of viral fused to cellular sequences in published data sets of SARS-CoV-2 infected cultured cells and primary cells of patients, consistent with the transcription of viral sequences integrated into the genome. To experimentally corroborate the possibility of viral retro-integration, we describe evidence that SARS-CoV-2 RNAs can be reverse transcribed in human cells by reverse transcriptase (RT) from LINE-1 elements or by HIV-1 RT, and that these DNA sequences can be integrated into the cell genome and subsequently be transcribed. Human endogenous LINE-1 expression was induced upon SARS-CoV-2 infection or by cytokine exposure in cultured cells, suggesting a molecular mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 retro-integration in patients. This novel feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection may explain why patients can continue to produce viral RNA after recovery and suggests a new aspect of RNA virus replication.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"similar\" class=\"similar-articles\">\n<h2 class=\"title\">Similar articles<\/h2>\n<ul id=\"similar-articles-list\" class=\"articles-list\">\n<li class=\"full-docsum\">\n<div class=\"docsum-content\">\n<p><a class=\"docsum-title\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33239378\/\" data-ga-category=\"similar_article\" data-ga-action=\"33239378\" data-ga-label=\"\"> Inference of Active Viral Replication in Cases with Sustained Positive Reverse Transcription-PCR Results for SARS-CoV-2. <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"docsum-citation full-citation\"><span class=\"docsum-authors full-authors\">Rodr\u00edguez-Grande C, Ad\u00e1n-Jim\u00e9nez J, Catal\u00e1n P, Alcal\u00e1 L, Est\u00e9vez A, Mu\u00f1oz P, P\u00e9rez-Lago L, Garc\u00eda de Viedma D.<\/span> <span class=\"docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation\">J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Jan 21;59(2):e02277-20. doi: 10.1128\/JCM.02277-20. 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Epub 2020 Dec 18.<\/span> <span class=\"citation-part\">PMID: <span class=\"docsum-pmid\">33340022<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part\">Free PMC article.<\/span> <span class=\"publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part\">Review.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SARS-CoV-2 RNA reverse-transcribed and integrated into the human genome Liguo Zhang,\u00a0Alexsia Richards,\u00a0Andrew Khalil,\u00a0Emile Wogram,\u00a0Haiting Ma,\u00a0Richard A Young,\u00a0Rudolf Jaenisch PMID: 33330870 PMCID: PMC7743078 DOI: 10.1101\/2020.12.12.422516 Free PMC article Abstract Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and recurrence of PCR-positive tests have been widely reported in patients after recovery, yet these patients most commonly are non-infectious. Here we investigated &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/?p=19993\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85,68],"tags":[196,217,90],"class_list":["post-19993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-85","category-68","tag-196","tag-217","tag-90","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19993"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19995,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19993\/revisions\/19995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}