{"id":24043,"date":"2021-12-16T13:59:52","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T13:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/?p=24043"},"modified":"2021-12-18T14:00:47","modified_gmt":"2021-12-18T14:00:47","slug":"%ce%b1%ce%ba%cf%8c%ce%bc%ce%b7-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%b7%cf%80%ce%b1-%cf%84%cf%81%ce%ad%ce%bc%ce%bf%cf%85%ce%bd-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%82-%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%b5%cf%87%ce%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/?p=24043","title":{"rendered":"\u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Wuhan."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"c-article-header__restrict\">\n<h1 class=\"c-article-magazine-title\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ae\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2! \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd<\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"c-article-magazine-title\">Harvard chemist on trial: a guide to the Charles Lieber case<\/h1>\n<div class=\"u-clearfix\">\n<div class=\"c-article-teaser-text\">As the trial begins, legal experts say it could have a big impact on the US government\u2019s controversial China Initiative.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-author-list-container u-clearfix\">\n<ul class=\"c-article-author-list js-etal-collapsed js-no-scroll\" data-etal=\"25\" data-etal-small=\"3\" data-test=\"authors-list\" data-component-authors-activator=\"authors-list\">\n<li class=\"c-author-list__item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-03752-4?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&amp;utm_campaign=1a22559e58-briefing-dy-20211215&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-1a22559e58-46712966#author-0\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"view author info\" data-author-popup=\"author-0\">Andrew Silver<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-extras-additional-links\">\n<ul class=\"c-article-social-list u-hide-print\">\n<li class=\"c-article-social-list__item\"><a class=\"c-article-social-list__icon--inline\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Harvard+chemist+on+trial%3A+a+guide+to+the+Charles+Lieber+case&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-021-03752-4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"twitter\" data-track-category=\"social\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/d41586-021-03752-4\"> <span class=\"u-visually-hidden\">Twitter<\/span> <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"c-article-social-list__item\"><\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-social-list__item\"><a class=\"c-article-social-list__icon--inline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-021-03752-4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"facebook\" data-track-category=\"social\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/d41586-021-03752-4\"> <span class=\"u-visually-hidden\">Facebook<\/span> <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-social-list__item\"><\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-social-list__item\"><a class=\"c-article-social-list__icon--inline\" href=\"mailto:?subject=Harvard chemist on trial: a guide to the Charles Lieber case&amp;body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-021-03752-4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"email\" data-track-category=\"social\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/d41586-021-03752-4\"> <span class=\"u-visually-hidden\">Email<\/span> <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"c-article-header\">\n<header>\n<div class=\"c-article-extras-additional-links\">\n<ul class=\"c-article-social-list u-hide-print\">\n<li class=\"c-article-social-list__item\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-body u-clearfix\">\n<figure class=\"figure\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/lw800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-021-03752-4\/d41586-021-03752-4_19957914.jpg\" alt=\"Harvard University nanotechnology professor Charles Lieber arrives at the federal courthouse in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.\" data-src=\"\/\/media.nature.com\/lw800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-021-03752-4\/d41586-021-03752-4_19957914.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<p class=\"figure__caption u-sans-serif\"><span class=\"mr10\">Charles Lieber arrives at a federal courthouse in Boston, Massachusetts, for his trial.<\/span>Credit: Brian Snyder\/Reuters<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A highly-anticipated trial began today for star nanotechnology researcher Charles Lieber, who stands accused by the US government of actions including lying about his involvement in a Chinese government talent-recruitment programme, and failing to disclose income from China on his tax returns. This is the second trial for an academic accused of hiding ties to China since the Department of Justice (DOJ) launched a controversial initiative in 2018 to prevent that country from using US resources for political gain \u2014 and legal experts say its verdict might influence the prosecution of future cases.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber, who is on leave as chair of Harvard University\u2019s chemistry and chemical biology department, has pleaded not guilty to all charges. A high-profile researcher known for developing nanomaterials for medicine and biology, he won the 2012 Wolf Prize in Chemistry and was listed as a potential Nobel Prize winner by Thomson Reuters in 2008.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"recommended pull pull--left u-sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00291-2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-021-03752-4\/d41586-021-03752-4_18154546.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title u-serif\">Harvard chemistry chief\u2019s arrest over China links shocks researchers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>His arrest in January 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00291-2\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00291-2\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">shocked scientists<\/a>. \u201cThe outcome [of the trial] is important and will be closely watched to see if the government is able to persuade a jury to return convictions for this type of case,\u201d says Peter Zeidenberg, a former federal prosecutor and a partner at the law firm Arent Fox in Washington DC. The first trial of a researcher following the launch of the DOJ\u2019s China Initiative <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02603-6\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02603-6\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">resulted in an acquittal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A lawyer for Lieber told <i>Nature<\/i>: \u201cwe will do our talking in the courtroom\u201d. But in a court filing, his legal team wrote that \u201cthe government will be unable to prove, as to each and every count, that [Lieber] acted knowingly, intentionally, or willfully, or that he made any material false statement\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The District of Massachusetts US attorney\u2019s office tells <i>Nature<\/i> it expects Lieber\u2019s trial to continue for about a week. Here\u2019s what to watch for.<\/p>\n<h2>What\u2019s the case against Lieber?<\/h2>\n<p>A key focus in Lieber&#8217;s trial will be on false statements he allegedly made to federal agencies. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/harvard-university-professor-indicted-false-statement-charges\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/harvard-university-professor-indicted-false-statement-charges\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">Prosecutors allege<\/a> that Lieber lied to or misled the US Department of Defense (DOD) and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), from which he had received at least US$15 million in grants since 2008. According to the government, he made false statements about participating in a prominent Chinese talent-recruitment programme known as the Thousand Talents Plan, which offered him a monthly salary of up to $50,000, about $158,000 per year in personal and living expenses, and more than $1.5 million in funding for a joint laboratory between Harvard University and the Wuhan University of Technology (WUT). Participating in a foreign talent-recruitment programme is not illegal, but knowingly and willfully making signficant false statements to US government agencies is a crime.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"recommended pull pull--left u-sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02603-6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-021-03752-4\/d41586-021-03752-4_19802976.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title u-serif\">University under pressure to rehire scientist acquitted of hiding China links<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>According to a court filing by prosecutors, Lieber allegedly told investigators from the DOD\u2019s Defense Criminal Investigative Service in 2018 he didn\u2019t know how he was characterized by China, but denied ever being explicitly asked to participate in the Thousand Talents programme. The investigators were acting on information from the FBI when they questioned Lieber, the filing said. It also said that the nanotechnology researcher told Harvard administrators that he was not, and had never been, a participant in the programme during a grant-compliance review for the NIH, which in 2018 began scrutinizing potential ties that Harvard and Lieber had to the WUT and Thousand Talents.<\/p>\n<p>But an affidavit by FBI special agent Robert Plumb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/1239796\/download\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/1239796\/download\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">states that<\/a> the WUT asked Lieber in 2012 to participate in the programme, that he agreed to a three-year contract and that he was paid over several years in accordance with it.<\/p>\n<p>Legal experts emphasized to <i>Nature<\/i> that the burden will be on prosecutors to convince a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that, among other things, Lieber knowingly and willfully made false statements. \u201cIt appears that the government has e-mails that will be helpful in doing that, but we\u2019ll only see at trial how strong the evidence is,\u201d says Margaret Lewis, a criminal-law specialist at Seton Hall University who studies the China Initiative. \u201cThe government does have a burden to do more than just prove that forms were filled out incorrectly. They also have this element of, what was the context, what was happening in professor Lieber\u2019s mind?&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>What might happen at trial?<\/h2>\n<p>When it comes to the false-statement charges, some expect Lieber\u2019s legal team to argue that he misunderstood what he was being asked during those investigations in 2018. \u201cI would expect that the defense to the charges would be \u2014 I\u2019m just guessing \u2014 he misunderstood the question, felt that he was giving a truthful answer, forgot, [or] got confused,\u201d says Seth DuCharme, a partner at law firm Bracewell in New York City who is a former senior DOJ official.<\/p>\n<p>Whether Lieber actually received all the benefits promised by the alleged Thousand Talents contract could also affect his sentencing. According to Plumb\u2019s affidavit, the contract Lieber allegedly agreed to allowed a salary of up to $50,000 a month calculated on the basis of the amount of time he spent working at the WUT. Peter Toren, an intellectual-property lawyer in Washington DC, says if Lieber is convicted, the amount of money he ultimately received would probably significantly affect his sentence \u2014 the larger the amount, the harsher the sentence.<\/p>\n<h2>Why does the outcome of this case matter?<\/h2>\n<p>The outcome matters to Lieber personally of course, but it could also have a ripple effect. Many in the research community have been concerned that the US government\u2019s efforts to crack down on foreign interference are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02015-y\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02015-y\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">harming scientific collaborations<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02359-5\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02359-5\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">leading to an exodus of researchers of Chinese heritage<\/a> from the United States. They also worry <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02976-8\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02976-8\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">that there is racial profiling<\/a> \u2014 an accusation that the US government <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01605-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01605-9\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">has repeatedly <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01605-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01605-9\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">denied<\/a>. A number of scientists have been calling for an end to the China Initiative, including about 40 of Lieber\u2019s colleagues, who wrote a letter in March asking the government to drop the charges against him.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"recommended pull pull--left u-sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02015-y\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-021-03752-4\/d41586-021-03752-4_18307132.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title u-serif\">Scientists in China say US government crackdown is harming collaborations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Chinese government has also criticized the initiative as politically motivated.<\/p>\n<p>Derek Adams, a partner at Potomac Law Group and former DOJ trial attorney, says that if a researcher as high profile as Lieber is not acquitted, other researchers accused of hiding ties to China might be less willing to fight charges and more willing to take plea deals. \u201cThe defendants will see probably that there\u2019s more risk involved,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>On the flip side, if the case is decided in Lieber\u2019s favour, Adams thinks a second loss in court since the launch of the China Initiative could lead the DOJ to rethink its prosecution strategy, decrease the resources and effort it\u2019s spending on these cases, or give defendants more leverage in plea-deal negotiations. The US Congress might also apply pressure to end the China Initiative. On 29 July, representative Ted Lieu and about 90 other members of Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/lieu.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/rep-lieu-and-90-members-congress-urge-doj-probe-alleged-racial-profiling\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/lieu.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/rep-lieu-and-90-members-congress-urge-doj-probe-alleged-racial-profiling\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">sent a letter<\/a> to US Attorney General Merrick Garland requesting a DOJ investigation into historic targeting of individuals of Asian descent for alleged espionage, and information on whether people are being targeted on the basis of race, ethnicity or national origin under the China Initiative. Lieber is one of the exceptions, but<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/12\/02\/1040656\/china-initative-us-justice-department\/\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/12\/02\/1040656\/china-initative-us-justice-department\/\" data-track-category=\"body text link\"> an analysis by <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/12\/02\/1040656\/china-initative-us-justice-department\/\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/12\/02\/1040656\/china-initative-us-justice-department\/\" data-track-category=\"body text link\"><i>MIT Technology Review<\/i><\/a> of charges believed to be associated with the China Initiative found that more than 90% of defendants have been of Chinese heritage.<\/p>\n<p>Some even think that if the US government loses its case against Lieber, the outcome could help convince more researchers to stay in the country. \u201cIf it leads to another acquittal, it will certainly give a lot of hope to people who are now sitting on the fence and are undecided [about] whether they should leave the United States or not,\u201d says Alice Huang, a biologist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and board member of the 80-20 Educational Foundation, an advocacy group for Asian American equality. \u201cIt would encourage more of the scientists to stay and fight.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-03752-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-03752-4<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u0397\u0393\u0397:https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-03752-4?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&amp;utm_campaign=1a22559e58-briefing-dy-20211215&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-1a22559e58-46712966<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ae\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2! \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd Harvard chemist on trial: a guide to the Charles Lieber case As the trial begins, legal experts say it could have a big impact on the US government\u2019s controversial China Initiative. Andrew Silver Twitter Facebook Email Charles Lieber &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/?p=24043\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,85,68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-58","category-85","category-68","item-wrap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24043"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24045,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24043\/revisions\/24045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/evaggelatos.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}