The fraudulence of covid-19 vaccines is on full display, and the evidence is sitting right out in the open. The full FDA approval for Pfizer’s COMIRNATY vaccine contained clinical proof that the inoculation increases COVID infection by over 300 percent!
Karen Kingston
A former Pfizer employee named Karen Kingston is blowing the whistle on her former employer. Kingston is currently a pharmaceutical marketing expert and biotech analyst. When she scrutinized the full FDA approval for COMIRNATY, she found blatant fraud in Pfizer’s clinical studies.
FDA approves Pfizer’s covid-19 vaccine, even though it increases infection by 300 percent
Kingston brought forth a Briefing Document from the FDA’s advisory committee meeting that took place on September 17, 2021. The title of the document is, “Application for licensure of a booster dose for COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA).” The document includes clinical studies conducted by Pfizer. These studies track the durability of immunity offered by the COMIRNATY vaccine and compare it to immunity observed in unvaccinated people.
“If you get the Pfizer vax, you’re more likely to get COVID” said Kingston, “So, when they weren’t injected, their infection rate was 1.3% and when they got injected, it was 4.34%. It went up by over 300%.” How could the FDA have glossed over this evidence and approved blatant fraud?
Since the vaccine was officially approved, the federal government started applying pressure on businesses across the US, threatening them with extortion and fines if they do not impose vaccine mandates on their employees.
The covid-19 vaccines have been injected almost 225 million times into the arms of Americans, causing severe injury and death along the way. Real world observations also support clinical data showing that the vaccines increase one’s susceptibility to covid-19.
In fact, the vaccines increase viral load in the nostrils of the vaccinated. An August 26 article by Dr. Peter McCullough shows that the covid vaccines allow the vaccinated to carry 251 times the viral load of covid-19 in their nostrils, turning them into the asymptomatic super spreaders they once feared.
Pfizer studies show that being unvaccinated offers greater protection
Medical freedom rights attorney, Thomas Renz, went public with the Pfizer fraud. The Pfizer study involved over 36,000 people. Those who were injected earlier in the study were more likely to come down with covid infections later on, showing a clear trend of waning immunity. Those put in “high priority” groups, who were vaccinated earlier on, have a 36 percent greater chance of infection, compared to the group that vaccinated later on.
The group that vaccinated later on went unvaccinated for 5.1 months longer than the group that got vaccinated early on. This placebo group did not have high rates of infection while they were unvaccinated, even though they went longer without any “protection.”
Because of this, Kingston stated that the vaccinated group “have an even higher chance of being infected with COVID-19 than the 36 percent difference indicated by this portion of the study.”
The study even admitted in its conclusion: “An additional analysis appears to indicate that incidence of COVID-19 generally increased in each group of study participants with increasing time post-Dose 2.” Kingston clarified that infection rates “increase over time” when people get two doses of Pfizer mRNA.
Most shocking was the data on the placebo group. In the first four months, the placebo group had “no vaccine protection” and recorded an infection rate of 12.6 cases per 1,000 person-years. The infection rate for the unvaccinated was a meager 1.3 percent.
After their placebo period, the group got “fully vaccinated.” In just a few months, this group became more infectious and showed 43.4 cases per 1,000 person-years. Their infection rate went UP by over 300 percent to a 4.34% infection rate. Mrs. Kingston called this “super alarming.”
“They had less infection when they had no protection. So, that’s a problem,” she said.
An investigation of official ONS and NHS data has revealed that since the Covid-19 vaccine began to be rolled-out to teenagers there has been a 47% rise in the number of deaths due to all-causes among the age group.
The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) submitted an independent report to the UK Government on July 15th 2021, in which they advised that children and young people aged 12 years and over with specific underlying health conditions should be offered Covid-19 vaccination.
That same report also stated that the ‘JCVI has previously advised COVID-19 vaccination of all adults aged 18 years and over in the UK, and vaccination of some specific groups under the age of 18 years’.
It is not clear when that advice was issued however the report does later state that ‘young people aged 16 to 17 years of age who are at higher risk of serious COVID-19, as currently set out in the Green Book, should continue to be offered COVID-19 vaccination’.
Official NHS data found in the ‘Covid-19 weekly announced vaccinations 01 July 2021 – revised’ which can be downloaded here, and accessed on the NHS website here, shows that between 8th December 2020 and 27th June 2021, 147,123 people under the age of 18 had received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine.
We can confirm that all documents published by the NHS preceding this do not include an under 18 age group, so we can therefore assume that the week of 20th June – 27th June was the first week that thousands of under 18’s started getting the Covid-19 vaccine, despite advice from the JCVI stating all healthy 16 and 17 year-olds should be offered Covid-19 vaccination not being published until August 4th 2021.
So we decided to take a look at official Office for National Statistics (ONS) data on deaths registered weekly to see if there was an up-tick in deaths in people aged between 15 and 19 following the roll-out of the Covid-19 vaccine to this age group, and we discovered the following.
The 2020 edition of ‘Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales’, which can be downloaded here, and accessed on the ONS website here, shows that between the week ending 26th June and the week ending 18th September 2020, a total of 148 deaths occurred among 15 – 19-year-olds.
Whereas the 2021 editions of ‘Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales, which can be downloaded here, and accessed on the ONS website here, shows that between the week ending 25th June 2021 and the week ending 17th September 2021, a total of 217 deaths occurred among 15 – 19-year-olds.
This shows that the number of deaths between June 19th 2021 and September 17th 2021 among teens aged 15 and over were 47% higher than the number of deaths in this age group during the same period in 2020, and the increase in deaths began at precisely the same time teens started receiving the Covid-19 vaccine.
Our investigation of ONS data also revealed further concerns about Covid-19 deaths in people between the age of 15 and 19.
The same 2021 ONS dataset shows that since teens started getting the Covid-19 vaccine there has been at least one Covid-19 related death recorded in seven of the thirteen weeks between June 19th and September 17th 2021. A total of 8 deaths in this time frame.
Yet in the fifteen weeks prior to teens over the age of 15 receiving the Covid-19 vaccine, just a single death was recorded associated with Covid-19 among this age group.
Correlation does not equal causation, but it is extremely concerning to see that deaths have increased by 47% among teens over the age of 15, and Covid-19 deaths have also increased among this age group since they started receiving the Covid-19 vaccine, and it is perhaps one coincidence too far.
The problem we now face is that approximately three million children over the age of 12 are currently being offered the Covid-19 vaccine, with many reportedly already having had it since the Chief Medical Officer, Chris Whitty, overruled the JCVI and advised the UK Government to offer all children over twelve the Covid-19 injection on September 13th 2021.
It remains to be seen what the consequences of this will be, but we will keep you updated so that you are able to hold people such as Professor Chris Whitty to account. For now, do what you can to save our children.
Πώς να αντιμετωπίζουμε όσους επιτίθενται στους αρνούμενους τον υποχρεωτικό εμβολιασμό
23Mη μετέχεις στις ανόητες και χωρίς κάποιο διδαχτικό περιεχόμενο συζητήσεις, αφού, όπως ξέρεις, αυτές προκαλούν διαμάχες. 24Eνώ ο δούλος του Kυρίου δεν πρέπει να λογομαχεί, αλλά να είναι ήπιος απέναντι σε όλους, διδακτικός, ανεξίκακος, 25και με πραότητα να διδάσκει αυτούς που αντιδρούνε, μήπως και τους δώσει κάποτε ο Θεός μετάνοια για να γνωρίσουν την αλήθεια 26και συνέλθουν από τη μέθη που τους έχει φέρει η παγίδα της πλάνης και ανακτήσουν τη λευτεριά τους από την παγίδα του διαβόλου, στην οποία είναι παγιδευμένοι για να εκτελούν το θέλημα εκείνου.
ΚΕΦ. Β΄ΣΤΙΧΟΣ 23
«23. Τας δε μωράς και απαιδεύτους φιλονεικίας παραιτού, εξεύρων ότι γεννώσι μάχας·».
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ
Οι μωρές συζητήσεις, οι φτωχές συζητήσεις δημιουργούνται από εωσφορικό εγωισμό, τον οποίον σήμερα ο κόσμος έχει αποκτήσει όσο ποτέ άλλοτε. Είναι να γελάς με τα χαρακτηριστικά του εγωισμού τα οποία εκδηλώνονται στα πρόσωπα και στα έργα των ανθρώπων. Ψάχνεις σήμερα στις κοινωνίες να βρεις σοφό άνθρωπο, ταπεινό άνθρωπο. Είναι ακόμη να γελάς με τα προβλήματα των ανθρώπων τα οποία δημιουργούνται από τα πάθη τους, όπως ζήλιες, ψέματα, εγωισμούς, πονηρίες, συμφέροντα. Εκείνο το πολύ παράξενο είναι η φιλαργυρία, η οποία είναι ρίζα όλων των κακών. Βλέπεις τον φιλάργυρο να έχει εκατομμύρια στην τράπεζα για να ζήσουν 3 γενιές και αυτός ρωτάει ποιο σούπερ μάρκετ έχει τις πιο φτηνές μπριζόλες. Πέθαναν άνθρωποι με εκατομμύρια στην τράπεζα νηστικοί. Ακόμα, βλέπεις τον φιλάργυρο να τρέχει στην εκκλησία, να τηρεί τους τύπους και να θεωρεί τον εαυτό του άγιο, αν του δώσεις το Ευαγγέλιο του Χριστού το οποίο τον παροτρύνει να αγαπήσει τον πλησίον του ως εαυτόν, τότε το ξεχνάει αμέσως, Είναι δυνατόν να προσεγγίσουμε τον Θεό με όλα αυτά τα δαιμόνια; Δεν είναι. Χρειάζεται πνευματική σοβαρότητα και όχι φιλονικίες για να δικαιολογήσουμε την θέση μας. Αν θέλουμε, να βάλουμε μπροστά μας το Ευαγγέλιο και να το ακολουθήσουμε κατά γράμμα. Αν δεν θέλουμε, αργά η γρήγορα η αμαρτία, η φθορά, ο θάνατος θα μας απολέσει. Μη γένοιτο! Να αποφεύγουμε μωρές συζητήσεις, πάθη κ.λ.π. πάση θυσία.
ΚΕΦ. Β΄ΣΤΙΧΟΙ 24 26
«24. ο δε δούλος του Κυρίου δεν πρέπει να μάχηται, αλλά να ήναι πράος προς πάντας, διδακτικός, ανεξίκακος,
25 διδάσκων μετά πραότητος τους αντιφρονούντας, μήποτε δώση εις αυτούς ο Θεός μετάνοιαν, ώστε να γνωρίσωσι την αλήθειαν,
και να ανανήψωσιν από της παγίδος του διαβόλου, υπό του οποίου είναι πεπαγιδευμένοι εις το θέλημα εκείνου».
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ
Στίχος 24ος: ’γιος είναι αυτός που έχει μάθει να μην θυμώνει, να μην μάχεται. Κάνε Θεέ μου να είμεθα πράοι, διδακτικοί, ανεξίκακοι διδάσκοντες την σοφία σου στις κοινωνίες των ανθρώπων που ζούμε σήμερα με την ζωή μας, αποδεικνύοντας την παρουσία σου στην ζωή μας όταν δοθούν τα ερεθίσματα.
Στίχος 25ος: Αν δέχονται οι συνάνθρωποί μας την νουθεσία μας, έχει καλώς. Αν στον λόγο του Θεού υπάρχει αντίλογος, ας μιλήσουμε στον αντιφρονούντα με την σιωπή μας.
Στίχος 26ος: Ο διάβολος είναι ο μεγαλύτερος έμπορος και όταν βρισκόμεθα μακριά από τον Θεό, αυτός βρίσκει έδαφος σε σημείο να κάνει όλο το σώμα μας σώμα δικό του, ώστε να χρησιμοποιεί αυτό κατά την δική του βούληση. Αν καταλάβουμε ότι έχουμε δώσει σε αυτόν όλο μας το είναι, να τρέξουμε στον Χριστό ώστε με την δική του συμμαχία να κερδίσουμε το σώμα μας το οποίο ο διάβολος έκλεψε και χρησιμοποιεί κατά την βούληση την δική του θέτοντας μέσα μας τα πάθη και τους εγωισμούς. Το δικαίωμα φυσικά το έδωσε ο καθένας από εμάς μόνος του, διότι δεν παίρνουμε στα σοβαρά την παρουσία του Χριστού, του Θεού. Η μάχη με τον έτερο κακό εαυτό μας να γίνει με σύμμαχο τον Χριστό διά Πνεύματος Αγίου και διά της πνευματικής περιουσίας την οποία έδωσε ο Θεός σήμερα σε εμάς (στην Φωνή Θεού). Με αυτόν τον τρόπο θα τον εξοστρακίσουμε από το πνεύμα μας και το σώμα μας. Γένοιτο, γένοιτο αμήν.
At first glance, it would appear as though the Wuhan coronavirus (Covid-19) first appeared in late 2019, right around the time when billionaire eugenicist Bill Gates held his Event 201 plandemic exercise. The reality, though, is that the saga dates back to the time of 9/11 when George W. Bush was still in the White House.
A document called “COVID-19 Enterprise Fraud Construct Timeline: Major Dates, Events, Entities & Legislation” begins in May 2002 when Bush appointed Dr. Elias Zerhouni, born in Algeria, as director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Zerhouni laid much of the groundwork for what would eventually become the plandemic we currently face.
The 9/11 terrorist attacks, which occurred just months prior to Zerhouni’s appointment by Bush, was part of the scheme. It created the necessary fearthat would be used as a catalyst to transform the United States into a mass surveillance state, as well as expand government intrusion into people’s personal lives.
The “war on terror” was birthed out of this process (as well as the Patriot Act), as was a whole new medical infrastructure to supposedly help contain the threat of bioweapons.
In truth, however, the government’s expanded role made it so that career criminals and bioweapons terrorists like Tony Fauci had an easier path to unleashing a later plandemic.
It started with SARS in the early 2000s as the government really started pushing the idea of biological weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). This later morphed into influenza before being handed off to Barack Hussein Obama, who took the reins from Bush and expanded the medical police state apparatus even more.
Bush, Obama both laid groundwork for development and release of covid
In 2009, Obama completely rewrote America’s biosecurity rules, followed by his imposition of “Obamacare” (Affordable Care Act or ACA), which laid even more of a foundation for the type of medical infrastructure that would later be needed to unleash the Chinese Virus plandemic.
More years went by with Obama cozying up to China, which we now know to be the place where Fauci funneled American taxpayer cash to have SARS-CoV-2 built in a laboratory in Wuhan.
Obama is the one who made it possible for Fauci to send all that cash in the first place, establishing certain exceptions to the domestic prohibition on gain of function research.
These exceptions include allowing American taxpayer monies to be sent over to China to conduct research there that would be illegal to conduct here on U.S. soil.
In early 2016, Peter Daszak of the EcoHealth Alliance came into the picture. Daszak issued a statement of admission that Fauci and the Obama regime had partnered with China to develop SARS-Cov-2 as a bio-WMD.
About a month later, Obama changed the law to include new pandemic preparedness provisions. He and his regime knew full well what was coming, in other words.
Numerous executive orders and shady meetings later, as well as the circus known as the Donald Trump presidency, and the fix was in. The Chinese Virus would soon emerge right on schedule at the end of Trump’s term, and here we are dealing with it ever since.
Political Moonshine has put together a full timeline, complete with infographics, that provide a thorough breakdown of how this all transpired. You will find all of the relevant information at this link.
“This timeline is extracted from a larger one, contains most of the relevant major dates, events, entities and legislation for the COVID-19 enterprise fraud construct, and contains links to the sourced and cited work in evidence,” the group says.
“The search function can help to sift those articles.”
YouTube will ban all “harmful vaccine content” from its platform, including claims that vaccines are ineffective at reducing disease transmission. The ban comes after a year of escalating censorship by the Google-owned company.
“We’ve steadily seen false claims about the coronavirus vaccines spill over into misinformation about vaccines in general, and we’re now at a point where it’s more important than ever to expand the work we started with Covid-19 to other vaccines,” YouTube said in a blog post on Wednesday.
The new rules prohibit content alleging that vaccines “cause chronic side effects,” that they “do not reduce transmission or contraction of disease,” and that they contain unlisted ingredients like fetal cells. The rules apply to all currently approved and administered vaccines, and not just Covid-19 shots.
At first glance, the rules are open to interpretation. YouTube’s moderators will have to decide, for instance, whether content discussing side effects strays beyond the “rare side effects that are recognised by health authorities.”Likewise, multiple studies and real-world data have suggested that Covid-19 vaccines are less effective at preventing transmission and infection than previously thought, and some suggest that this efficacy wanes with time.
And, while YouTube explicitly bans claims that vaccines contain fetal tissue or fetal cell lines, shots for various diseases – including Hepatitis A, Rubella and Chickenpox – are actually manufactured using cell lines started in aborted fetal tissue, but individual doses do not contain any of this tissue.
Content violating these new rules will receive a series of “strikes” from YouTube, with three strikes resulting in the termination of the offending channel.
The new policy adds to YouTube’s existing ‘Covid-19 medical misinformation policy,’ which sets out a wide range of forbidden topics regarding the coronavirus. These include videos “encouraging home remedies,” content claiming “that masks do not play a role in preventing the contraction or transmission of Covid-19,” and content “that recommends use of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine for the prevention of Covid-19.”
The latter two topics are controversial, as there is no scientific consensus that masks prevent transmission of the virus, and Ivermectin has shown some promise in studies as a treatment for Covid-19.
Nevertheless, YouTube stated on Wednesday that over 130,000 videos have been removed since last year for violating this policy.
Earlier this week, RT’s German-language channels (RT DE and Der Fehlende Part) were permanently deleted by YouTube. The company took down the channels after handing out a strike to RT DE over alleged “medical misinformation” in four videos.
Among these cases of supposed “misinformation” was an interview with German epidemiologist Friedrich Puerner, who was critical of his government’s methods of battling the pandemic. He, however, was in favor of vaccination and never doubted the Covid-19 pandemic.
Starting September 21, RT DE was no longer allowed to upload any videos or conduct live streams on its YouTube channel. RT DE content, albeit not the flagged videos, was shared through another channel, the DFP (also owned by RT in Germany).
This, YouTube claimed, was a violation of the strike issued to RT DE and the Google-owned platform took down both channels.
Russian President Vladimir Putin’s press secretary, Dmitry Peskov, told journalists on Wednesday that the banning amounted to “a case of censorship, and of obstructing the dissemination of information by the media,” and would be investigated by Russian media regulators, adding “there must be zero tolerance for such violations of the law.”
Το ανεβάζει στον Ουρανό και αλλάζει το πεδίο μάχης,
και κατόπιν ελευθερώνει το φίδι στον ουρανό.
Το φίδι δεν έχει αντοχή, δύναμη και καμία ισορροπία στον αέρα.
Είναι άχρηστο, αδύναμο και ευάλωτο, αντίθετα με το έδαφος όπου είναι ισχυρό, ύπουλο και θανατηφόρο.
Μεταφέρετε τη Μάχη σας στο πνευματικό βασίλειο προσευχόμενοι, και
όταν είστε στο πνευματικό βασίλειο, ο Θεός αναλαμβάνει τις μάχες σας για εσάς.
Μην πολεμάτε τον εχθρό στο φυσικό του χώρο, αλλάξτε τα πεδία μάχης όπως ο Αετός και αφήστε τον Θεό να αναλάβει τον αγώνα σας μέσω της ειλικρινούς προσευχής σας.
Να είστε βέβαια ότι θα νικήστε. Να προσεύχεστε ακατάπαυστα!
For those vaccinated against COVID-19, antibody levels eventually wane, but this is not the whole story.Credit: Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library
Six months ago, Miles Davenport and his colleagues made a bold prediction. On the basis of published results from vaccine trials and other data sources, they estimated that people immunized against COVID-19 would lose approximately half of their defensive antibodies every 108 days or so. As a result, vaccines that initially offered, say, 90% protection against mild cases of disease might only be 70% effective after 6 or 7 months1.
“It felt a little bit out on a limb at the time,” says Davenport, a computational immunologist at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. But on the whole, his group’s predictions have come true.
Immunological studies have documented a steady decline of antibody levels among vaccinated individuals2. Long-term follow-up of vaccine trial participants has revealed a growing risk of breakthrough infection3. And health-care records from countries such as Israel, the United Kingdom and elsewhere all show that COVID-19 vaccines are losing their strength, at least when it comes to keeping a lid on transmissible disease.
The fight to manufacture COVID vaccines in lower-income countries
That’s without accounting for the Delta threat either — and it’s clear that vaccine–induced antibodies do a worse job at recognizing SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with the ancestral strain of the virus4. What remains unclear, however, is to what degree the immune system’s safeguards that protect vaccinated people against severe disease, hospitalization and death might be fading as well. “That,” says Davenport, “is the million-dollar question at the moment.”
As discussions over booster programmes heat up — with leading global-health authorities coming out publicly against the idea this week, UK officials endorsing boosters for the over-50s, and advisers to US regulators meeting on 17 September to discuss the issue — Nature takes stock of the data informing the debate.
How is vaccine-induced immunity holding up?
“Things wane,” says Nicole Doria-Rose, an immunologist at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland. But not all things wane equally.
‘Neutralizing’ antibodies that can intercept viruses before they infiltrate cells might not have much staying power. Levels of these molecules typically shoot up after vaccination, then quickly taper off months later. “That’s how vaccines work,” Doria-Rose says.
But cellular immune responses are longer lasting — and as Jennifer Gommerman, an immunologist at the University of Toronto in Canada, explains: “Cellular immunity is what’s going to protect you from disease.” Memory B cells, which can rapidly deploy more antibodies in the event of re-exposure to the virus, tend to stick around, and so do T cells, which can attack already-infected cells. Both provide an added measure of protection should SARS-CoV-2 sneak past the body’s first line of defence.
COVID vaccine boosters: the most important questions
In one of the only long-term studies to consider these three planks of the immune system simultaneously — antibodies, B cells and T cells — researchers found that vaccination spurred durable cellular immunity5. Memory B cells continued to grow in numbers for at least six months, and got better at fighting the virus over time. T-cell counts remained relatively stable, dipping only slightly over the duration of the study period.
“So, you have this reserve,” says John Wherry, an immunologist at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia, who led the study. “Circulating antibodies may be declining, but your immune system is capable of jumping into action once again.”
How can immune memory actually be getting stronger?
Research from immunologist Ali Ellebedy, at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, helps to explain the vigour of the memory-B-cell response. His group took samples from the lymph nodes of vaccinated individuals and found tiny B-cell finishing schools — called germinal centres — that were churning out ever more potent immune cells as time went on6.
B cells in these structures randomly mutate their genes to create entire new sets of antibodies. Those cells that produce the best antibody repertoires eventually win out through an evolutionary process that augments the immune system’s ability to fight off Delta and other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Ellebedy and his colleagues initially described the persistence of these germinal centres for 15 weeks post-immunization with an RNA-based jab — longer than anyone had ever seen before with older-technology vaccines for other ailments. Now, the researchers have unpublished data, following the germinal centres for up to six months. “The training camp is still going,” Ellebedy says. “It’s amazing.”
Should that immune memory give durable protection against severe disease?
For the most part, it should. But, says Theodora Hatziioannou, a virologist at the Rockefeller University in New York City, “if protection from disease relies at any level on circulating neutralizing antibodies” — and those molecules are clearly on the decline — “then, yes, the longer out you are from natural infection or from vaccination the worse you will be”.
Real-world data from diagnostic-testing records and hospital databases suggest that this might be the case. In Israel, for example, elderly people who got their shots at the beginning of the year seemed to have almost double the risk of severe illness during a July outbreak compared with similar individuals who were immunized more recently7. As researchers reported this week, older individuals given a third dose of vaccine were less likely to become infected and much less likely to develop severe disease than those who had not received the boosters8.
Third-dose COVID-19 vaccine programmes have already begun in Israel, and data about their effectiveness are starting to come in.Credit: Kobi Wolf/Bloomberg via Getty
To Eran Segal, a computational biologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, who advises the Israeli government on COVID-19 issues, the implications are clear-cut. “There’s compelling evidence that the third dose increases protection dramatically.”
But as University of Pennsylvania biostatistician Jeffrey Morris points out, inferences made from observational studies of this kind should be viewed with a critical eye. People going about their everyday lives are not clinical-trial participants. They are not randomized to account for behavioural and demographic differences. And although statistical modelling can help to correct for some of these variables, it’s impossible to account for all potential confounding factors.
“The bottom line,” Morris says, “is we need careful modelling and we need really thorough data to deconvolve all these things.”
What about other countries besides Israel?
Preliminary data from the United Kingdom and Qatar would seem to confirm the Israeli experience. Researchers at Public Health England posted a preprint this week detailing a modest but appreciable dip in vaccine effectiveness against hospital admission and death. This occurred about 20 weeks out from inoculation for recipients both of the mRNA vaccine from Pfizer–BioNTech and the viral vector vaccine from the AstraZeneca — although the effect was most pronounced for older individuals and those with underlying health conditions. Among the elderly, there was also some indication that spacing out the initial two doses of vaccine promoted more durable protective immunity.
Meanwhile, in Qatar, Laith Abu-Raddad and his colleagues described last month how the vaccine from Pfizer–BioNTech had provided consistently high protection against critical illness for up to six months post-immunization. Vaccine effectiveness against mild or symptom-free infections has declined gradually, as expected. But at the time that he posted a preprint online, on 27 August9, Abu-Raddad, an infectious-disease epidemiologist at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar in Doha, was unsure about the need for booster shots.
What it will take to vaccinate the world against COVID-19
Then, he says, he saw the data from seven months post-immunization. Although the results are preliminary, the vaccine’s ability to ward off hospitalization and death seems to drop off. “The data now forced a change in thinking,” says Abu-Raddad. (A comparable study from the United States has so far reported data only on waning protection against infection, not severe disease10.)
Still, globally, there is as yet no indication that the rates of severe illness among the vaccinated are spiking in any appreciable way. “The vaccines are really designed to prevent disease,” says Julie McElrath, an infectious-disease specialist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. “That is still holding up.”
Even if most vaccinated individuals are not getting really sick, are there other benefits to boosters?
Reducing rates of infection should help break the cycle of viral transmission, which would ultimately result in fewer cases of severe COVID-19 and death. And according to Fyodor Kondrashov, an evolutionary geneticist at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria in Klosterneuburg, it should also help keep the emergence of vaccine-resistant variants at bay.
“Things that are good from the epidemiological perspective,“ he says, “are also good from the evolutionary perspective.”
As Kondrashov’s modelling work has shown, resistant viruses are most likely to emerge when transmission is not controlled11. Getting more people vaccinated is the single most effective intervention to keep transmission rates low, but any bump in vaccine effectiveness can help as well.
So far, no human vaccine has been completely undermined by resistance in the way that many anti-infective drugs have, says Andrew Read, who studies the evolution of infectious diseases at Pennsylvania State University in University Park. “It’s eroded their benefits,” he says, but in ways that have been fixable with tweaks in vaccine design.
That’s not to say it won’t happen with COVID-19 vaccines. “We’re on new territory here,” says Read. The Delta variant took the world by surprise. Evolution — and our immunological responses — could have more surprises in store.
COVID boosters for wealthy nations spark outrage
But any discussion around the need for boosters cannot be had in a vacuum. In addition to considerations of immune kinetics among the immunized, there are also issues of vaccine equity and availability to factor in. And as long as vaccinated people are staying out of hospitals and morgues, then to Katrina Lythgoe, an evolutionary epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, UK, theoretical arguments around vaccine resistance are secondary. “In my view,” she says, “apart from people who are particularly vulnerable, efforts should be directed to getting people, globally, vaccinated.”
Πριν από 6 μήνες, ο Ανοσολόγος με ειδίκευση στην Υπολογιστική Βιολογία του Πανεπιστημίου New South Wales στο Σύδνεϋ της Αυστραλίας Miles Davenport έκανε μια ιδιαίτερα τολμηρή πρόβλεψη: κάθε 108 ημέρες τα επίπεδα αντισωμάτων των εμβολιασμένων θα μειώνονται στο μισό!
Και συνεπώς, η αρχική 90% προστασία, μετά από 6-7 μήνες θα είναι 70%!
Οι προβλέψεις του αποδείχθηκαν αληθινές.
Ανοσολογικές μελέτες μετά από εμβολιασμό για τον SARS-CoV-2 έχουν καταγράψει μια σταθερή μείωση των επιπέδων αντισωμάτων με την πάροδο του χρόνου.
Σε χώρες με υψηλά ποσοστά εμβολιαστικής κάλυψης, όπως το Ισραήλ και η Αγγλία, οι μελέτες έδειξαν ότι όλα τα εμβόλια κατά της COVID-19 εξασθενούν σταδιακά, και τα άτομα που εμβολιάστηκαν μπορεί να νοσήσουν ήπια και να μεταδώσουν τη νόσο.
Με την ευκαιρία της επίσημης συνάντησης των υπευθύνων για τα προγράμματα εμβολιασμού στην Αγγλία, πρόσφατο άρθρο της δημοσιογράφου, ειδικής σε θέματα βιοϊατρικής έρευνας, Elie Dolgin στο περιοδικό Nature (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02532-4) αναλύει τα νέα δεδομένα για τη διάρκεια της ανοσίας και την αναγκαιότητα επανάληψης του εμβολιασμού.
Οι Καθηγητές του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών Ουρανία Τσιτσιλώνη, Βαγγέλης Τέρπος και Θάνος Δημόπουλος (Πρύτανης ΕΚΠΑ) συνοψίζουν τα βασικά στοιχεία του άρθρου.
-Σε ποιο βαθμό η ανοσία από το εμβόλιο προστατεύει τους εμβολιασμένους από σοβαρή νόσο, νοσηλεία σε νοσοκομείο ή ακόμα και θάνατο;
–Η εμπειρία από άλλα αντι-ιικά εμβόλια έχει δείξει ότι τα εξουδετερωτικά αντισώματα αυξάνονται μετά τον εμβολιασμό, αλλά μειώνονται γρήγορα μερικούς μήνες αργότερα.
Όμως, η κυτταρική ανοσία έχει μεγαλύτερη διάρκεια και πρακτικά αυτή προστατεύει τον οργανισμό.
Αν ξαναμολυνθεί ένας εμβολιασμένος, τα Β κύτταρα μνήμης που έχουν δημιουργηθεί, παράγουν γρήγορα μεγάλες ποσότητες αντισωμάτων και τα Τ κύτταρα μνήμης σκοτώνουν αποτελεσματική τα μολυσμένα κύτταρα από τον ιό.
Μακροχρόνια μελέτη από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Pennsylvania, έδειξε ότι ο εμβολιασμός για τον SARS-CoV-2 προκάλεσε παρατεταμένη κυτταρική ανοσία: τα ειδικά για το νέο κορωνοϊό Β κύτταρα μνήμης συνέχισαν να αυξάνονται σε αριθμό για τουλάχιστον 6 μήνες και τα Τ κύτταρα μνήμης παρέμειναν σε σχετικά σταθερά επίπεδα.
Έτσι, ενώ τα αντισώματα στο αίμα μειώνονται, το ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα διατηρεί «απόθεμα» από τα ειδικά κύτταρα μνήμης, που είναι ικανότατα να ενεργοποιηθούν ξανά και να προστατεύσουν τον οργανισμό.
-Πώς μπορεί αυτή η ανοσολογική μνήμη να ενισχύεται με το χρόνο;
Ερευνητές από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Washington, έλαβαν βιοψίες από τους λεμφαδένες εμβολιασμένων ατόμων και παρατήρησαν στο μικροσκόπιο ότι είχαν πολλά βλαστικά κέντρα, περιοχές δηλαδή που εκπαιδεύουν τα Β λεμφοκύτταρα.
Αυτά τα κέντρα «εκπαίδευσης» ήταν ενεργά για 15 εβδομάδες μετά τον εμβολιασμό και παρέμειναν για τουλάχιστον 6 μήνες.
Είναι η πρώτη φορά που παρατηρείται τόσο παρατεταμένη παρουσία βλαστικών κέντρων μετά από εμβολιασμό, γεγονός που δείχνει την εξαιρετική αποτελεσματικότητα των εμβολίων νέας τεχνολογίας.
-Μπορεί αυτή η ανοσολογική μνήμη να παρέχει διαρκή προστασία από σοβαρή νόσηση από COVID-19;
Η απάντηση είναι όχι.
Δεδομένα από το Ισραήλ έδειξαν ότι ηλικιωμένοι που εμβολιάστηκαν στην αρχή του 2021 είχαν διπλάσιο κίνδυνο σοβαρής COVID-19 σε σχέση με όσους εμβολιάστηκαν αργότερα.
Μια τρίτη δόση εμβολίου όμως, τους προστάτευσε από τη μόλυνση.
Ερευνητές του Ινστιτούτου Weizmann δήλωσαν ότι υπάρχουν πλέον πειστικά στοιχεία πώς μια τρίτη δόση αυξάνει δραματικά την προστασία:
Τα ηλικιωμένα άτομα που έλαβαν τρίτη δόση εμβολίου ήταν λιγότερο πιθανό να μολυνθούν και πολύ λιγότερο πιθανό να αναπτύξουν σοβαρή νόσο, από εκείνα που δεν εμβολιάστηκαν για τρίτη φορά.
-Τι συμβαίνει σε άλλες χώρες εκτός από το Ισραήλ;
Τα αρχικά στοιχεία από την Αγγλία και το Κατάρ επιβεβαιώνουν την ισραηλινή εμπειρία.
Στην Αγγλία, ήδη σημειώθηκε αύξηση των εισαγωγών στα νοσοκομεία και των θανάτων με την αισθητή πτώση των αντισωμάτων.
Αυτό συνέβη περίπου 20 εβδομάδες μετά τον εμβολιασμό, τόσο με το εμβόλιο της Pfizer-BioNTech όσο και με της AstraZeneca, και ήταν εντονότερο σε άτομα μεγαλύτερης ηλικίας και άτομα με υποκείμενα προβλήματα υγείας.
Μεταξύ των ηλικιωμένων, υπάρχουν ενδείξεις ότι μεγαλύτερη απόσταση μεταξύ των δύο δόσεων του εμβολίου έδωσε πιο καλή προστατευτική ανοσία.
Στο Κατάρ, το εμβόλιο της Pfizer-BioNTech παρείχε σταθερά υψηλή προστασία για έως και έξι μήνες μετά την ανοσοποίηση, οπότε η τρίτη δόση κρίθηκε ως μη απαραίτητη.
Όμως, τα δεδομένα επτά μήνες μετά την ανοσοποίηση (αν και προκαταρκτικά), έδειξαν ότι η ικανότητα του εμβολίου να αποτρέψει τη νοσηλεία και το θάνατο μειώθηκε και η τρίτη δόση εμβολίου είναι η μόνη λύση.
Παρόλα αυτά, σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, δεν υπάρχει ακόμη καμία ένδειξη ότι τα ποσοστά σοβαρής νόσησης από COVID-10 μεταξύ των εμβολιασμένων αυξάνονται αισθητά.
-Ακόμα κι αν τα περισσότερα εμβολιασμένα άτομα δεν αρρωσταίνουν σοβαρά, υπάρχουν άλλα οφέλη από τις επιπλέον δόσεις εμβολίου;
Η μείωση των ποσοστών μόλυνσης θα βοηθήσει να «σπάσει» ο κύκλος μετάδοσης του ιού, και θα έχει ως αποτέλεσμα λιγότερες περιπτώσεις σοβαρής COVID-19 και θανάτων.
Επιπλέον, σύμφωνα με τον Αυστριακό Εξελικτικό Γενετιστή FyodorKondrashov, ο εμβολιασμός θα βοηθήσει στην αποτροπή της εμφάνισης μεταλλάξεων του ιού ανθεκτικών στα εμβόλια.
Μέχρι στιγμής, σε κανένα ανθρώπινο εμβόλιο δεν έχει παρατηρηθεί αντίσταση, όπως για παράδειγμα συμβαίνει με πολλά αντι-ιικά φάρμακα.
Αν και ο SARS-CoV-2 είναι ένα καινούριος ιός και η μετάλλαξη Delta αιφνιδίασε τον κόσμο, οι πιθανότητες ανάπτυξης αντίστασης στα εμβόλια είναι μικρές.
Όπως τονίζει η Katrina Lythgoe από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Οξφόρδης, αν παρακαμφθεί το πρόβλημα της διαθεσιμότητας των εμβολίων, εκτός από τα άτομα που είναι ιδιαίτερα ευπαθή, οι προσπάθειες πρέπει να κατευθυνθούν προς τον εμβολιασμό όλων των ανθρώπων σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο.
Πρωτοφανής απόφαση στην Καλιφόρνια – «Σέρνουν» στον εμβολιασμό 6,8 εκατομμύρια ανήλικα παιδιά: «Αλλιώς τέλος το σχολείο»
Υποχρεωτικός εμβολιασμός για όλους τους μαθητές 12-15 ετών
Το μεγαλύτερο “πείραμα” εμβολίων για τα παιδιά πρόκειται να ξεκινήσει στις ΗΠΑ και ειδικότερα στην Καλιφόρνια όπου μετά την νομοθεσία που πέρασε ο κυβερνήτης της 6,8 εκατομμύρια παιδιά θα “συρθούν” να εμβολιαστούν υποχρεωτικά κατά του COVID-19.
Ο κυβερνήτης της Καλιφόρνιας ανακοίνωσε σήμερα πως όλοι οι επιλέξιμοι μαθητές για ένα εμβόλιο κατά της Covid-19 θα εμβολιαστούν προκειμένου να παρίστανται με φυσική παρουσία στα μαθήματα, είτε στα δημόσια είτε στα ιδιωτικά σχολεία.
Αυτή η απόφαση είναι άνευ προηγουμένου στις ΗΠΑ σε τέτοια κλίμακα και αφορά εκατομμύρια μαθητές στην Καλιφόρνια, την πιο πολυπληθή πολιτεία της χώρας.
Θα τεθεί σε ισχύ τον επόμενο χρόνο, αφότου οι ομοσπονδιακές υγειονομικές αρχές θα έχουν εγκρίνει πλήρως το εμβόλιο. Επί του παρόντος, αφορά παιδιά ηλικίας 12-15 ετών, σύμφωνα με μια επείγουσα διαδικασία που συνδέεται με την πανδημία. Η έγκριση είναι αντιθέτως πλήρης για τα άτομα άνω των 16 ετών ενώ ήδη η Pfizer-BioNTech ζητά εμβολιασμούς ακόμα και από την ηλικία των 5 ετών.
«Θα ξεκινήσουμε να υλοποιούμε αυτό το μέτρο για το επόμενο εξάμηνο, είτε την 1η Ιανουαρίου είτε την 1η Ιουλίου», διευκρίνισε ο κυβερνήτης Γκάβιν Νιούσομ, κατά τη διάρκεια των σχετικών ανακοινώσεων που έκανε από ένα σχολείο στο Σαν Φρανσίσκο.
«Τα σχολεία μας απαιτούν ήδη τον εμβολιασμό κατά της ιλαράς, των μαγουλάδων και άλλων νόσων. Γιατί; Διότι τα εμβόλια λειτουργούν», έγραψε ο κυβερνήτης στο Twitter, προσθέτοντας πως το «εμβόλιο κατά της covid-19 θα προστεθεί στον κατάλογο».
O Γιώργος Ευαγγελάτος ψυχίατρος – ψυχαναλυτής παρέχει ψυχιατρική βοήθεια και συμβουλευτική σε ανθρώπους που αντιμετωπίζουν προσωπικές ή οικογενειακές ψυχολογικές και ψυχοκοινωνικές δυσκολίες. Μάθετε περισσότερα για εμάς εδώ.
HAFOctober 1, 2021
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